Algorithms and LISP

by

Mehmet Okonsar



Discography by Mehmet Okonsar



J.S. Bach "Die Kunst der Fuge"
All CD's available at amazon.com and (partly) at cdbaby.com

Algorithmic Information Theory Seen By A Composer Of Music

A composer's views of the nature and utility of the Algorithmic Information Theory.



J.S. Bach "Musikalische Opfer"



F. Liszt: "modern" works


J.S. Bach "Well-tempered Clavier"


Recital: "Live at Salt Lake City"


J.S. Bach The Goldberg Variations


Piano Solo Improvisations: "Shadowy Arcade"

All CD's can be auditioned entirely and freely at their respective pages. Click on the images.


Algorithmic information theory was founded by Ray Solomonoff, who released the fundamentals of the area based on his creation of algorithmic odds: a method to overcome serious problems connected with the use of Bayes rules in statistics.

He first referred to his leads into a study and also at a conference in 1960. Algorithmic information theory had been afterwards evolved separately by Gregory Chaitin (1966) and Andrey Kolmogorov (1965).

One will find several variants of the Kolmogorov's algorithmic information theory or complexity theory, probably the most broadly known is dependant on self-delimiting programs and it is mainly the work of Leonid Levin (1974).

Per Martin-Loef also worked considerably towards the information theory of endless series. A particular axiomatic method of algorithmic information theory depending on Blum axioms (1967) was created by Mark Burgin within a paper introduced for publication by Andrey Kolmogorov (1982).

The axiomatic approach includes other approaches within the algorithmic information theory. You'll be able to deal with various measures associated with algorithmic information as particular cases of axiomatically defined measures of algorithmic information.

Rather than showing similar theorems, like the fundamental invariance theorem, for every particular measure, you'll be able to easily deduce these kinds of is a result of one corresponding theorem demonstrated within the axiomatic setting. This can be a general benefit of the axiomatic approach in mathematics.

Algorithmic information theory may be the tool that helps to check our claims the world actually uncovers itself, in most or most regards, like being a digital computer.
Therefore, science may be the discipline for finding cutting corners for this comprehension through compression.

The central concept of the Algorithmic Information Theory would be to evaluate the info content of the object when it comes to its least description.

Quite simply, if the object could be referred to easily inside a short-small-restricted space, it is of low complexity or has less information content, while if explaining it requires more space, then the object is of greater complexity or information content.

It may be helpful to think about the "least description" like a type of "self-expanding archive" of the target data (or string), to ensure that a string's information content is big once it is expanded again from a compressed size.

One of the several interesting options that come with the particular Algorithmic Information Theory is that it works out with just all possible strings.

Complexity happens to be part of our world, and for that reason many scientific fields have worked with complex systems and phenomena. In one perspective, what is in some way complex, exhibiting variations without having to be random, is worth great interest because of the rewards from the depths of its exploration.

Complexity of the object or product is a relative property. For example, for a lot of functions or problems, this particular type of computational complexity, such as the duration of computation is more compact when "Multitape Turing machines" are utilized than when Turing machines with one tape are used.

Random Access Machines on the other hand, allow much more decrease in time complexity, while inductive Turing machines can decrease the complexity class of the function, language or set. Those imply that the particular tools of the activity are definitely essential aspects of complexity.

Organized complexity, resides in little else as compared to non-random, or correlated, interaction between parts. These correlated associations produce a classified structure that may, like a system, connect to others.

The matched system manifests qualities not determined by its individual parts. The organized facet of this type of complexity vis a vis other systems compared to subject system could be stated to "emerge," with no "guiding hands".

Systems theory was essentially about studying complex systems. In recent occasions, complexity theory and complex systems are also used as names from the area.

These systems could be biological, economic, technological and in other fields. Lately, complexity is recognized as a natural domain of great interest from the real life socio-cognitive systems and emerging systemics research. Complex systems are usually high- dimensional, non-linear and difficult to model. In specific conditions they might exhibit low dimensional behavior.

The behavior of the complex system is frequently stated being due to emergence and self-organization. Chaos theory has looked into the sensitivity of systems to versions in initial conditions as the particular reason for complex behavior. Among the primary claims in Stephen Wolfram's book "A Brand New Type of Science" is the fact that such behavior could be produced by simple systems, like the "rule 110 cellular automaton."






Usage rights:

You can use this article under the Creative Commons License CC-BY. This license lets you distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon my work, even commercially, as long as you credit me, by displaying the information on me given below verbatim for the original article.


Mehmet Okonsar is a pianist-composer-conductor and musicologist. Besides his international concert carrier he is a prolific writer. Founder of the first classical music-musicology dedicated blog-site: "inventor-musicae" as well as the first classical-music video portal: "classical videos".



Discography by Mehmet Okonsar



J.S. Bach "Die Kunst der Fuge"
All CD's available at amazon.com and (partly) at cdbaby.com

Lisp Is Beautiful The Particular Aesthetics Related To A Programming Language

Overview of the programming language Lisp and its beauty, elegance as well as its effectiveness.



J.S. Bach "Musikalische Opfer"



F. Liszt: "modern" works


J.S. Bach "Well-tempered Clavier"


Recital: "Live at Salt Lake City"


J.S. Bach The Goldberg Variations


Piano Solo Improvisations: "Shadowy Arcade"

All CD's can be auditioned entirely and freely at their respective pages. Click on the images.


Programming language wars do not have to be religious based wars. Programming languages ought to be rooted in philosophy. The greater a programming language is rooted in philosophy of greater value it is.

Lisp is the most effective programming language available. It is however another thought process.

Lisp is really elegant, the actual fact you know the first factor about this language will qualify you for any season as principal dancer from the royal ballet.

You'll embark on stage inside your little "tutu" and merely scribble a couple of round brackets up together with your foot. Individuals will gasp in maze. Unless of course they do not know any Lisp. If they don't know any lisp they are idiots and they do not matter.

Lisp enables you to produce very complicated programs that cannot be written easily in other languages. However these programs should be compiled by gifted developers that may consider very hard problems as well as in unusual ways to resolve them.

Should you consider easy programs, then it does not matter which language a programmer pick, good developers always still do it right, but Lisp will make yours 10 times more compact.

Lisp is undoubtedly a programming language oriented towards "expressions". As opposed to many other languages, simply no difference is made in between "functions" and "data"; just about all program code and also data happen to be composed as expressions.

Whenever a representation is actually evaluated, it creates a value or perhaps in Common Lisp, probably several values, which in turn might be inserted within different expressions. Each value could be any data type.

Lisp may be the language of loveliness. By using it, an excellent programmer can produce a beautiful, operating code, a thing organically produced and created with the interaction of the programmer-artist along with a "medium of expression" that unexpectedly happens to execute it promptly on the computer.

Lisp is really a "medium" for using in a computation until it is in balance using its external and internal needs. At that time it may be decorated with performance-improving terms and possibly furthermore modularized. Within this it is a lot more like a painter and his-her medium, i.e. a painter and the canvas, rather than any other common, usual programming language.

Lisp is dependant on Lambda Calculus. Lambda Calculus is actually a elegant method pertaining to function description, function application along with recursion.

Lisp's contribution to programming language theory is regrettably, typically, unacknowledged by nearly all developers today.

For instance: Lisp and typed lambda calculus functions are fundamental for modern type systems. Alternatively there is nothing as the specific Lisp idea of programming macros that is available in any other programming language even up to today. If you find one, then that particular programming language is really a Lisp implementation.

Lisp is clearly the most influential programming languages within the history of computer science.

Carl Hewitt applied Lisp as being a platform to build up backtracking (important for logic programming) along with the actor model Alan Kay appreciates the particular weighty impact connected with Lisp on Smalltalk. Timothy Hart added macros to Lisp within the sixties; Warren Teitelman invented a guidance facility for Lisp within the sixties as the initial precursor to aspect-oriented programming.

In the very first explicit object-oriented programming language, John Cruz developed the idea of computational reflection using Lisp like a beginning point. Paul Graham used Lisp to build up the very first continuation-based web application as well as today, Lisp is about the forefront for that approaching Web 3.

Richard Stallman stated "LISP being probably the most effective and cleanest of all languages, that's the word what the GNU project always favors."

The greatest placed you see Lisp happening may be the interpreter within the Emacs editor along with a variant of Lisp, referred to as "Scheme", for example used to write plug-in's for "Gimp."

Next, there is Paul Graham, who is as near to some "Lisp missionary" as possible.

What is fascinating about Lisp is the fact that a language half a century old is really so advanced and it is still influential. Within the fast-moving realm of computing, that is truly an incredible accomplishment.

Perfectly in place within Lisp syntax are semantics. This feature of Lisp is profound, also it makes Lisp unlike every other language.

A programming language having "in-situ" an object-oriented Meta-level architecture like Lisp is a gift by which programs are themselves built from first-class objects. Meta-level objects, or meta-objects are objects that comprise, implement, support, or else take part in the execution of an application, or base level programs.

Lisp and her pretty sister Scheme are basically "sweet" lambda calculus. They blur the excellence between program and data. Since a program in Lisp is itself just data this will make meta-programming amazingly easy.







Usage rights:

You can use this article under the Creative Commons License CC-BY. This license lets you distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon my work, even commercially, as long as you credit me, by displaying the information on me given below verbatim for the original article.


Mehmet Okonsar is a pianist-composer-conductor and musicologist. Besides his international concert carrier he is a prolific writer. Founder of the first classical music-musicology dedicated blog-site: "inventor-musicae" as well as the first classical-music video portal: "classical videos".


Top of the page
Return to the articles index page
Back to homepage